El bicornuate uterus It is a congenital malformation that affects the structure of the uterus and can influence fertility and the development of pregnancy. It is characterized by the presence of a cleft in the upper part of the uterus that divides it into two cavities, instead of presenting the typical pear shape of a normal uterus.
What is a bicornuate uterus?
Bicornuate uterus is an anomaly of the development of the female reproductive system that occurs during embryonic formation. It is due to a failure in the fusion of the Mullerian ducts, embryonic structures that give rise to the uterus, the fallopian tubes and part of the vagina. In this alteration, the uterus is divided into two segments, which may be partially or completely separated.
Causes of bicornuate uterus
The main causes of bicornuate uterus include:
- Genetic factors: Hereditary predisposition may influence the abnormal formation of the uterus.
- Hormonal factors: A hormonal imbalance during the embryonic stage can affect the proper fusion of the Müllerian ducts.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to radiation or certain medications during pregnancy can interfere with the development of the uterus.
Types of bicornuate uterus
There are two main types bicornuate uterus:
- Partial bicornuate uterus: The division of the uterus does not reach the cervix and only affects the upper part.
- Complete bicornuate uterus: The division reaches the cervix and can further interfere with embryo implantation.
Symptoms and complications
Many women with a bicornuate uterus have no symptoms, but in some cases they may notice:
- Severe menstrual pain: Due to the irregular shape of the uterus.
- Irregular menstrual bleeding: There may be irregular menstrual cycles or spotting between periods.
- Difficulty conceiving: Embryo implantation may not be optimal.
- Miscarriages or premature births: Lack of adequate space for fetal development can lead to pregnancy loss.
- Abnormalities in the position of the fetus: The baby may be in a breech or transverse position.
Diagnosis of bicornuate uterus
Diagnosis of bicornuate uterus is made using imaging techniques such as:
- Transvaginal ultrasound: It allows the detection of the abnormal shape of the uterus.
- Hysterosalpingography: A contrast agent is injected into the uterus and an X-ray is taken.
- Magnetic resonance: Provides a more detailed image of the female reproductive system.
- Hysteroscopy: Introduction of a camera into the uterus to view its interior.
Fertility Treatment and Options
Treatment depends on the degree of involvement and the patient's symptoms:
- Medical monitoring: In mild cases, regular check-ups are sufficient.
- Corrective surgery (metroplasty): Recommended for women with recurrent miscarriages or frequent premature births.
- Assisted reproduction techniques: In vitro fertilization can be an alternative in cases of difficulty conceiving.
Pregnancy with bicornuate uterus
Although pregnancy with a bicornuate uterus is possible, it requires rigorous medical monitoring to prevent complications. Frequent ultrasound checks should be performed to monitor growth and fetal position, and in many cases a cesarean section will be scheduled to ensure a safe delivery.
Many women with this condition have achieved successful pregnancies with proper follow-up. If you have been diagnosed with a bicornuate uterus and wish to conceive, it is best to consult a reproduction specialist to evaluate the best treatment plan for your particular case.
It is essential to understand that although a bicornuate uterus can present challenges, proper medical follow-up and support can contribute to a safer pregnancy experience.
Advances in reproductive medicine offer options that may make pregnancy easier for women with this deformity. If you have further questions about “what does it mean to have a bicornuate uterus”, do not hesitate to seek expert advice.
