La umbilical hernia It is a common condition in newborns that generates many doubts in parents. It is a bulge that appears in the navel region, caused by the abdominal lining or even a small portion of the intestine that passes through the area due to an incomplete closure of the abdominal muscle. Below, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, treatments and complications of this condition, incorporating information relevant to the parents.
What exactly is an umbilical hernia?
An umbilical hernia occurs when a part of the intestine or fatty tissue protrudes through an area near the navel, pushing through a weak point in the surrounding abdominal wall. In infants, this opening is located at the umbilical ring, an area that normally closes after birth.
The umbilical cord passes through this ring during pregnancy to carry nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. However, in some cases, this muscle does not close completely after birth, causing a hernia to form.
Prevalence in infants
Umbilical hernias are quite common in newborns, especially those born prematurely. Approximately 1 in 5 babies develops an umbilical hernia. They may also be related to hereditary factors, so if a parent had this condition, the baby might be more predisposed.
What are the main causes of an umbilical hernia?
The main cause of an umbilical hernia in babies is incomplete closure of the opening in the abdominal muscles where the umbilical cord was located. However, there are other factors that can increase the risk:
- Prematurity: Babies born prematurely are at higher risk because their abdominal muscles are not fully formed.
- Low birth weight: This condition also increases the likelihood of developing an umbilical hernia.
- Genetic factors: If there is a family history of umbilical hernia, the baby may be more likely to develop one.
How to identify an umbilical hernia?
The most obvious sign is a small lump or a lump in the navel area that may increase in size when the baby cries, coughs, or exerts effort. This lump is usually painless and easily reduced (it can be gently pushed back in).
En more severe cases, the lump may become stiff, painful, or red, which could indicate a complication known as strangulation or incarceration.
When to consult the doctor?
It is important to take your baby to the pediatrician if you notice:
- That the hernia increases in size rapidly.
- That the baby shows signs of pain or discomfort.
- Redness or tenderness at the hernia.
- Persistent fever or vomiting.
Treatment of umbilical hernia
In most cases, umbilical hernias in babies do not require treatment, as they usually close on their own towards the 3 or 5 years of ageRegular medical follow-up is sufficient to ensure that the hernia is resolving appropriately.
when is the surgery needed?
Surgery is only considered in the following cases:
- If the hernia has not closed on its own by 4 or 5 years.
- If the hernia is large, causes symptoms, or has become strangulated.
- In exceptional cases where complications develop.
The surgical intervention, known as herniorrhaphy, consists of closing the defect using the navel to hide the scar. It is an outpatient procedure with excellent success rates.
Potential complications
Although complications are rare, it is important to be aware of them in order to act quickly if necessary:
- Incarceration: It occurs when the intestines become trapped in the umbilical ring, which can cause intestinal blockage.
- Strangulation: If incarceration persists, blood flow to the intestine may be interrupted, resulting in necrosis (tissue death) and requiring urgent surgery.
Fortunately, these complications are extremely rare in infants.
Mythology and false remedies
It is common to hear advice such as using bandages, adhesive tape or coins to “treat” an umbilical hernia, but none of these methods are effective and, in fact, can be harmful. These inventions only cause discomfort to the baby and can irritate his delicate skinAlways consult with a pediatrician before following any home recommendations.
Additional care for the baby's navel
In addition to paying attention to possible hernias, it is important to properly care for the newborn's navel to prevent infections. Keep the area clean and dry, and avoid covering it with unnecessary objects.
If you want more information about caring for a newborn's navel, visit our article on baby navel care.
Umbilical hernias in babies are not a cause for concern and resolve spontaneously in most cases. However, medical follow-up is essential to ensure the child's well-being and to promptly treat any potential complications.