El flat head syndrome, also known as positional plagiocephaly, is characterized by a cranial deformation which can appear in babies as a result of maintaining the same position for prolonged periods. It occurs when part of the baby's head develops a flattened area due to constant pressure.
This condition does not affect brain development, but it can have aesthetic implications and, in severe cases, affect the well-being of the baby. Most cases of plagiocephaly can be corrected with simple preventive and corrective measures, but it is essential to have a thorough understanding of its causes. causes, symptom y Treatments to act in time.
Causes of flat head syndrome
Flat head syndrome can be caused by a variety of reasons, including:
- Repetitive posture: Babies who remain lying on their back for long periods of time without changing position.
- Little supervised tummy time activity:Not spending enough time on their stomach while awake can contribute to flattening of the skull.
- Muscular torticollis: A common condition in which the neck muscles are too stiff, causing the baby to prefer to always turn his or her head to the same side.
- Prenatal factors: Pressure on the uterus during pregnancy, especially in multiple pregnancies, or due to the use of forceps during delivery.
Factors riesgo
Factors that may increase the likelihood of developing plagiocephaly include:
- Prematurity: Premature babies have softer skulls and, because of their prolonged stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), are more likely to experience flattening.
- Excessive use of devices: Spending long periods in hammocks, car seats or rocking chairs can limit movement and increase pressure in certain areas.
- Associated medical conditions: Such as torticollis or craniosynostosis (premature fusion of the bones of the skull).
Signs and symptoms of plagiocephaly
It is essential to recognize the signs of flat head syndrome in time to initiate appropriate corrective measures. Some of the most common indicators are:
- Visible flat area: Flattening at the back or side of the skull.
- facial asymmetryIn more severe cases, one ear may be seen to be further forward than the other or the forehead may be protruding to one side.
- Localized bald spots: Areas of hair loss due to frequent surface contact.
It is important to differentiate plagiocephaly from more serious conditions such as craniosynostosis, so a professional medical diagnosis is essential.
Preventing Flat Head Syndrome
Prevention is the best way to avoid plagiocephaly. Some key strategies are listed below:
- Encourage tummy time: Place your baby on his or her tummy while awake and supervised. This strengthens the neck muscles and prevents constant pressure on the back of the head.
- Alternate positions in the crib: Change the orientation of the baby in the crib so that he or she does not always face the same side.
- Carrying the baby in your arms: Keeping the baby upright helps redistribute pressure on the skull.
- Avoid excessive use of devices: Limit time spent in car seats, hammocks, and other devices that restrict movement.
Treatments for plagiocephaly
Treatment will depend on the severity of the syndrome and the age of the baby. In most cases, simple corrective measures are sufficient:
- Physiotherapy: Especially if the baby has torticollis, physical therapy helps strengthen the neck muscles and encourages movement to both sides.
- Use of orthopedic helmets: In moderate to severe cases, a custom-designed helmet can help round out the shape of the skull. These are most effective if used before 12 months of age, when the skull is still malleable.
- Specialized pillows: There are pillows designed specifically to redistribute pressure on the head. However, their use should be discussed with a pediatrician.
Monitoring and evolution
The outcome of plagiocephaly will depend on early intervention and consistency in applying the measures taken. Pediatricians will regularly monitor the baby's progress to ensure that the deformity is being corrected. In severe cases, continued use of corrective devices or adjustments in treatment may be required.
Over time, most babies begin to move around more, which reduces the constant pressure on a single spot on the skull. Hair growth can also disguise flat areas.
Acting early, following professional recommendations and supporting the baby's natural development can make a difference in correcting flat head syndrome. Properly informing yourself and seeing a specialist when you detect any abnormality in your baby's head are essential steps to ensure your baby's well-being and healthy development.