The allergies in babies can be difficult to identify, as their symptoms can be confused with common colds. spring It is one of the most complicated seasons for little allergy sufferers, as pollen and other triggering agents are at their highest. In this article, we help you recognize the symptoms, make a proper diagnosis and take preventive measures to improve your baby's quality of life.
What is an allergy?
The allergies are immune system reactions to external substances that the body perceives as dangerous, even though they are actually harmless. These substances, called allergens, can come into contact with the body through the skin, the digestive system or the respiratory system.
Causes and risk factors of allergies in babies
The allergies can develop due to a combination of genetic and environmental factorsIf one parent is allergic, the baby has a 50% chance of inheriting it; if both are allergic, the probability increases to 75%.
Main allergens affecting babies
- Environmental allergens: Octopus, Mites, mould, pollen y pet hair.
- Food allergies: Cow milk, egg, nuts, fish, seafood y gluten.
- Insect bites: Reactions to stings of bees, wasps o Mosquitoes.
- Medication: Some antibiotics y analgesics may cause allergic reactions.
Symptoms of allergies in babies
Allergic symptoms can vary, affecting different body systems. It is important to know them in order to differentiate them from other conditions such as colds or viral diseases.
respiratory symptoms
- Persistent nasal congestion.
- Frequent sneezing.
- Wheezing or shortness of breath.
- Chronic cough, especially at night.
Skin symptoms
- Skin rashes or hives.
- Red and swollen skin.
- Eczema or dry itchy skin.
digestive symptoms
- persistent diarrhea
- Severe cramps.
- Frequent vomiting.
Serious reactions
- Swelling of the lips, tongue or eyelids.
- Difficulty breathing.
- Anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that requires urgent medical attention.
How are allergies diagnosed in babies?
Diagnosis should be made by a pediatrician or allergist, who will evaluate the medical history and perform specific tests.
Most common diagnostic tests
- Skin tests: Small amounts of allergens are applied to the skin to observe reactions.
- Blood test: They determine the amount of immunoglobulin E (IgE), an indicator of allergies.
- Elimination diets: Suspected foods are excluded and reintroduced gradually to assess reactions.
- Provocation tests: Small amounts of the allergen are administered under medical supervision.
Prevention and treatment of allergies in babies
There are various strategies to reduce the risk of allergies or minimize their symptoms:
Precautionary measures
- Exclusive breastfeeding: Reduces the risk of allergies in babies.
- Avoid exposure to allergens: Keep spaces clean and free of dust o tobacco smoke.
- Introduce food gradually: Introduce new foods one at a time to identify possible reactions.
- Using Humidifiers: They help keep the air free of irritating particles.
Allergy Treatments
- Antihistamines: They reduce symptoms such as sneezing and itching.
- Corticosteroids: For severe allergies or severe eczema.
- Immunotherapy: Vaccines to reduce sensitivity to certain allergens.
Detect and treat the allergies in babies Timely treatment is essential to improve the quality of life. With correct identification of symptoms, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate preventive measures, it is possible to reduce risks and ensure healthy development.
