For many couples, achieve a pregnancy can present various challenges and questions. In this context, the spermogram becomes a fundamental tool to evaluate the male fertility and address potential obstacles in the conception process. In this article, we will explore in detail what a spermogram is and how it is performed, sharing key information to satisfy your curiosity.
What is a spermogram?
The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes some reference values that determine what are the normal values for a spermogram. In this way, taking into account these normality parameters and the result obtained, different conclusions are obtained.
This evaluation is fundamental in the context of the Assisted reproduction and Family planning, since it allows us to know the male reproductive capacity, detect possible fertility problems and evaluate the possibilities of achieving a pregnancy.
How is a spermogram performed?
The WHO establishes that for the results obtained in a sperm analysis to be reliable, it must be performed after a period of sexual abstinence, therefore the process begins a few days before the test itself and it is necessary to take this into account. In fact, we have included it as the first phase of the spermogram process:
Preparation
The patient must avoid sexual relations with your partner, as well as masturbation between 2 and 4 days before. If you ejaculate, the results could be compromised.
Taking the semen sample
The man must provide a semen sample obtained by masturbation in a sterile container. The sample must be complete. It is important to collect the total ejaculate, including the first fraction, and this must be delivered to the clinic no more than half an hour after obtaining it.
Hygiene must be maximum at sample collection, prior washing of hands and genitals included. In addition, it is important to keep the sample at room temperature and avoid significant temperature fluctuations until delivery, which is why it is preferable to obtain the sample in the clinic.
Macroscopic and microscopic analysis
In the macroscopic analysis, semen characteristics such as: the volume or amount of semen expelled during ejaculation, its pH, color and viscosity. Then, at a microscopic level, the concentration, mobility, vitality and morphology of the sperm are analyzed, as well as the presence of leukocytes.
Other tests
In some cases, additional tests are performed to evaluate other parameters such as cell count. motile or REM sperm. This test consists of separating the sperm based on their motility to obtain the fraction of motile sperm.
Interpretation of results
A specialized professional interprets the results and provides a detailed report to patient, usually between 2-3 days after delivering the sample. Regarding the normal values of a spermiogram, the most important are:
- Sample volume ≥ 1,5 ml
- pH between 7,2 and 8,0
- Sperm concentration ≥ 15 million/ml
- Total sperm > 40 million
- Progressive mobility (A+B) ≥ 32%
- Live sperm > 58%
- Normal sperm ≥ 4%
If all the results obtained in the spermiogram reach the lower reference limit (LRI) established by the WHO for each of the parameters, it is considered that semen sample is normal and that the patient does not have fertility problems. Situation known as normozoospermia.
On the other hand, if any of the parameters are altered and outside the reference value, the semen sample will be diagnosed with the associated pathology: Azoospermia, oligospermia, asthenozoospermia, necrospermia, etc.
It is important to understand the importance of the seminogram in the face of the impossibility of achieving pregnancy. Now that you know what a spermogram is and how it can be of great help in achieving the desired pregnancy, consider it if problems arise.