The fontanelles They are soft spaces between the bones of the skull of babies. They are made up of fibrous tissue that allows the skull may be slightly deformed to facilitate the passage of the head through the birth canal and allow the brain to grow properly during the first years of life.
The skull of newborns has six fontanelles, although the most noticeable and palpable are two: the anterior fontanel and the posterior fontanelleThe anterior fontanelle, which is rhomboid in shape, is located at the top of the head, while the posterior fontanelle, which is triangular in shape, is located just above the nape of the neck. Both are essential during birth and in the first months of the baby's growth.
Why are fontanelles important?
Fontanelles have two main functions. First, during childbirth, they allow the bones of the skull to move overlap and adapt into the birth canal, facilitating the birth process. Secondly, after birth, this flexible fibrous tissue allows the baby's brain, which grows rapidly during the first years of life, to have enough space to develop without restrictions.
The baby's brain undergoes considerable growth in the first three years. The bones of the skull, initially separated, gradually unify. This closure process varies from baby to baby, but the posterior or nuchal fontanelle usually closes first, around the age of 3 years. 2 to 3 months, while the anterior fontanelle may take up to the 18 months.
Although the process of fontanelle closure is natural, it is important to watch for certain warning signs that could indicate developmental problems, such as premature or late closure.
How do fontanelles close?
The closure of the fontanelles does not occur simultaneously in all areas of the skull. posterior fontanelle, also known as the lambdoid fontanelle, is the first to seal. This usually happens between the ages of 2 and 6 months of life. On the other hand, anterior fontanel or bregmatic, located in the upper part of the skull, has a later closure that is usually completed between the 12 and 18 months.
It is essential that the pediatrician monitor the development of the fontanelles at each check-up, since premature closure could result in craniosynostosis, a condition in which bones fuse abnormally, limiting brain growth. On the other hand, delayed closure may be related to certain deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamin D, which is necessary for proper bone growth.
What does a bulging or sunken fontanelle indicate?
The condition of the fontanelles can also help identify health problems. For example, a fontanelle that feels bulging while the baby is calm it may be a sign of intracranial pressure, which may require immediate medical attention. This elevated pressure may be related to brain swelling or fluid buildup.
On the contrary, a sunken fontanelle It could be a sign of dehydrationThis situation may be common in babies with diarrhea or vomiting, but should always be evaluated by a professional.
How to care for a baby's fontanelles?
Fontanelles, although made of soft tissue, are well protected by a tough fibrous layer. Many parents worry that touching these areas might harm their baby, but the reality is that they can be touched with clean, gentle hands. Pediatricians even palpate the fontanelles to check for proper brain and skull development.
Here are some tips to properly care for fontanelles:
- Always monitor your baby's condition and consult your pediatrician if you notice any abnormalities such as persistent lumps or bumps.
- Avoid wearing tight hats or anything that puts pressure on the baby's head, as this can affect the natural development of the fontanelles.
- Do outdoor activities to ensure that the baby receives healthy doses of sunlight, as this promotes the production of vitamin D, essential for bone growth.
- During the first few months, it is essential that the baby receives adequate nutrients, either through breastfeeding or formula. football It is one of the essential minerals to ensure that the closure of the fontanelles occurs naturally and at the right time.
Fontanelles are a key indicator of a baby's growth and development. By allowing the skull to deform slightly during birth and the brain to have room to grow, these soft spots are essential for the natural development of newborns. It is always advisable for parents to keep a close eye on the state of the fontanelles and, if in doubt, consult their pediatrician.
How many are the fontanelles that are and when they are closed I would appreciate an answer before all thanks